United States Department of Transportation
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Abstract:The primary objective of this work was to transfer technology developed in the area of truck noise reduction to that of construction equipment. Included is information gathered from previous contracts, surveys of manufacturers, a noise impact ranking by equipment type, engine and equipment test results, specific information to enable equipment owners to reduce noise from their equipment, and recommendations dealing with reasonable noise level goals for used equipment. Work accomplished under this contract involved the compilation of comprehensive specifications for diesel engines greater than 50 horsepower used in the construction industry, the development of a comparative muffler selection procedure, and the collection of costs for mufflers and complete exhaust systems. A noise impact ranking was developed to characterize equipment types with respect to degree of noise pollution. This ranking was based on: the average machine noise level, the typical percentage of time the machine was at full load, the average production rate per year based on production figures of the last ten years, and proximity of machine use to human population. Using the noise impact rating system, front-end loaders, tractors, and backhoes (excavators) were identified as the three machines of the greatest impact. Detailed tests conducted on two classes of tractors, a front-end loader and a backhoe, identified the contributions of the various major component noise sources to overall machine noise levels. Results indicate that construction equipment produced since the late 1960's have utilized reasonable muffling such that exhaust noise is not generally the dominant noise source.
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