United States Department of Transportation
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Abstract:All paratransit services are labor intensive, second only to conventional taxis among transportation modes. As such, the manner in which the service is provided, the role of the labor force, and, in particular, the compensation afforded to drivers, have significant impact on the cost of system operation. This report looks into paratransit labor costs as they relate to type of service, union affiliation, management strategies, and characteristics of the system location. Labor costs are analyzed in terms of wage scales, benefits, incentive payments, work rules, scheduling practices, and job definitions. The Transit labor costs are analyzed separately from paratransit labor costs, and the relationship between the two is explored. Interwoven into this discussion of paratransit labor costs is a study of the cost impact of Section 13(c) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act. (This statute protects the employment conditions of transit employees against any adverse effects that may arise out of Federal transit assistance.) This report concludes that real growth in paratransit over the coming years could effect the establishment of dual union wage standards for paratransit and conventional operators. Although the future of paratransit in small rural communities appears secure, the uncertainty and the high labor costs found in the larger cities make its future there more tentative. Greater cooperation is recommended between all levels of government, transit managers, and transit labor unions to further the development of paratransit labor standards and of integrated paratransit services.
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