Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
      Originator: Federal Highway Administration, Office of Planning, HEPP-1
      Publication_Date: 2006
      Title: Non-Attainment Areas: Lead
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Washington, DC
        Publisher: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
      Online_Linkage: http://www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services/
  Description:
    Abstract: Non-attainment and maintenance areas for the United States and its territories.  For more detailed information on this dataset, see the Overview Description in the Entity Attribute section of this document.
    Purpose: To establish the spatial boundaries of each nonattainment and maintenance area.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2006
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annually
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -111.953249
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -84.908554
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.608168
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.416814
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Air Quality
      Theme_Keyword: Nonattainment area
      Theme_Keyword: Maintenance area
      Theme_Keyword: Criteria Pollutant
      Theme_Keyword: Lead
    Place:
      Place_Keyword: USA
    Temporal:
      Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Temporal_Keyword: 2006
  Access_Constraints: None.
  Use_Constraints: The Non-attainment Area - Lead dataset, or any portion thereof, can be freely distributed as long as this metadata entry is included with each distribution.  Acknowledgment of the Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS) National Transportation Atlas Databases (NTAD) 2006 would be appreciated in products derived from these data.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
        Contact_Person: Geospatial Information Program
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 400 7th Street, SW Room 4117
        City: Washington
        State_or_Province: DC
        Postal_Code: 20590
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 202 366 DATA
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 202 366 3640
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: answers@bts.gov
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
      Publication_Date: 2006
      Title: National Transportation Atlas Databases (NTAD) 2006
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Washington, DC
        Publisher: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
      Online_Linkage: http://www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services/
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Unknown
    Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Value: None
      Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation: Unknown
  Logical_Consistency_Report: None
  Completeness_Report: Unknown
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Unknown
      Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Publication_Date: 2005
          Title: 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81
          Other_Citation_Details: The spatial boundaries of each nonattainment and maintenance area are defined in 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81.
          Online_Linkage: http://www.epa.gov/epahome/cfr40.htm
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 2005
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 40 CFR
      Source_Contribution: The spatial boundaries of each nonattainment and maintenance area are defined in 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
          Publication_Date: 2005
          Title: Green Book
          Online_Linkage: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 2005
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Green Book
      Source_Contribution: The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) "Green Book" defines Criteria Pollutants.  EPA uses six "criteria pollutants" as indicators of air quality, and has established for each of them a maximum concentration above which adverse effects on human health may occur. These threshold concentrations are called National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Data collected from the Environmental Protection Agency or created using base geographic reference layers and physical descriptions provided by EPA and contained in in 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81.
      Process_Date: 2004
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Updated with information from the EPA Green Book.
      Process_Date: 2005
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Bruce D. Spear
            Contact_Organization: Federal Highway Administration, Office of Planning, HEPP-1
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 202 366 8870
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 202 493 2198
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bruce.spear@fhwa.dot.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Spatial data edited and cleaned to more closely match shorelines.
      Process_Date: 2006
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Bruce D. Spear
            Contact_Organization: Federal Highway Administration, Office of Planning, HEPP-1
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 202 366 8870
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 202 493 2198
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bruce.spear@fhwa.dot.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Standard quality control processes performed in preparation for publication.
      Process_Date: 2006
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Geospatial Information Program
            Contact_Organization: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 202 366 DATA
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 202 366 3640
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: answers@bts.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 13
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.000000
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.000000
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.000010
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: naa_ma_lead
      Entity_Type_Definition: Non-Attainment Areas: Lead
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: RITA/BTS
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GREENNAME
      Attribute_Definition: Name of the area as identified in the EPA green book (http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: EPA
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Character Value
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: STATUS
      Attribute_Definition: Current status of the area as designated by the EPA.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: EPA
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maintenance
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: area is in maintenance status
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: EPA
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Non-Attainment
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: area is in non-attainment status
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: EPA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CLASS
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SOURCE
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: STFIPS
      Attribute_Definition: State FIPS code
      Attribute_Definition_Source: RITA/BTS
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) Pub 6-4
          Codeset_Source: National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VERSION
      Attribute_Definition: Version of the database
      Attribute_Definition_Source: RITA/BTS
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 00
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 99
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: REVISION
      Attribute_Definition: Feature revision number
      Attribute_Definition_Source: RITA/BTS
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 00
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 99
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Exposure to lead (Pb) can occur through multiple pathways, including inhalation of air and ingestion of Pb in food, water, soil or dust. Excessive Pb exposure can cause seizures, mental retardation and/or behavioral disorders. A recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reported a 78% decrease in blood lead levels from 12.8 to 2.8 ug/dL between 1976 and 1980 and from 1988 to 1991. This dramatic decline can be attributed to the reduction of leaded gasoline and to the removal of lead from soldered cans. Although this study shows great progress, infants and young children are especially susceptible to low doses of Pb, and this age group still shows the highest levels. Low doses of Pb can lead to central nervous system damage. Recent studies have also shown that Pb may be a factor in high blood pressure and in subsequent heart disease in middle-aged males. 

      Lead gasoline additives, non-ferrous smelters, and battery plants are the most significant contributors to atmospheric Pb emissions. In 1993 transportation sources contributed 33% of the annual emissions, down substantially from 81% in 1985. Total Pb emissions from all sources dropped from 20,100 tons in 1985 to 4,900 tons in 1993. The decrease in Pb emissions from highway vehicles accounts for essentially all of this decline. The reasons for the decrease are noted below. 

      Two air pollution control programs implemented by EPA before promulgation of the Pb standard in October 1978 have resulted in lower ambient Pb levels. First, regulations issued in the early 1970's required gradual reduction of the Pb content of all gasoline over a period of many years. The Pb content of the leaded gasoline pool was reduced from an average of 12.0 gram/gallon, to 0.5 gram/gallon on July 1, 1985, and still further to 0.1 gram/gallon on January 1, 1986. Second, as part of the EPA's overall automotive emission control program, unleaded gasoline was introduced in 1975 for automobiles equipped with catalytic control devices. These devices reduce emissions of CO, VOCs and NOx. In 1993, unleaded gasoline sales accounted for 99% of the total gasoline market. In contrast, the unleaded share of the gasoline market in 1984 was approximately 60%. These programs have essentially eliminated violations of the Pb standard in urban areas except those areas with Pb point sources. 

      Programs are also in place to control Pb emissions from stationary point sources. Lead emissions from stationary sources have been substantially reduced by control programs oriented toward attainment of the PM-10 and Pb ambient standards. However, significant and ambient problems still remain around some Pb point sources, which are now the focus of new monitoring initiatives. Pb emissions in 1993 from industrial sources, e.g., primary and secondary Pb smelters, dropped by about 91% from levels reported in 1970. Emissions of Pb from solid waste disposal are down about 76% since 1970. In 1993, emissions from solid waste disposal, industrial processes and transportation were: 500, 2,300 and 1,600 short tons, respectively. The overall effect of the control programs for these three categories has been a major reduction in the amount of Pb in the ambient air. Additional reduction in Pb are anticipated as a result of the Agency's Multimedia Lead Strategy issued in February 1991. The goal of the Lead Strategy is to reduce Pb exposures to the fullest extent practicable. 

      Title 40, Part 50 of the Code of the Federal Regulations lists the ambient air quality standard for lead.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
        Contact_Person: Geospatial Information Program
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 400 7th Street, SW Room 4117
        City: Washington
        State_or_Province: DC
        Postal_Code: 20590
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 202 366 DATA
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 202 366 3640
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: answers@bts.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: None
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ESRI Shapefile
        Format_Version_Date: 2006
        File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied. However, if using digital transfer online option, note access instructions.
        Transfer_Size: 5.098
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services/
          Access_Instructions: Due to a significant reduction in resources, the NTAD is no longer available for download.  The NTAD cdrom can be ordered from the online bookstore at www.bts.gov.  If resources allow, download applications will be restored.  When the applications become available, they will be found at www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services.
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: CD-ROM
          Recording_Format: ISO 9660
    Fees: None
    Ordering_Instructions: Call 202-366-DATA, fax 202-366-3640, or E-mail (answers@bts.gov) RITA/BTS to request the National Transportation Atlas Databases 2006 CD-ROM. This and other RITA/BTS products may be ordered from the RITA/BTS Internet website (http://www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services/).
  Technical_Prerequisites: Must have access to GIS software such as ESRI's ArcView or ArcINFO, or other compatible software to view the data
  Available_Time_Period:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2006
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20060424
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
        Contact_Person: Geospatial Information Program
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 400 7th Street, SW Room 4117
        City: Washington
        State_or_Province: DC
        Postal_Code: 20590
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1 202 366 DATA
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 1 202 366 3640
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: answers@bts.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
