United States Department of Transportation
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The Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES)
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1996-01-01
[PDF-794.02 KB]
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TRIS Online Accession Number:00723749
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NTL Classification:NTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Highway Safety;NTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Accidents;NTL-REFERENCES AND DIRECTORIES-Statistics;
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Abstract:The CODES Technical Report presents state-specific results from the Crash
Outcome Data Evaluation System project. These results confirm previous NHTSA
studies and show that safety belts and motorcycle helmets are effective in
reducing fatalities and injuries. The Report also shows that safety belt and
motorcycle use in the seven CODES states (Hawaii, Maine, Missouri, New York,
Pennsylvania, Utah, and Wisconsin) could save millions of dollars in direct
medical costs. The CODES project represents the first time that
occupant-specific medical outcome and cost data for all occupants involved in
motor vehicle crashes were available for highway safety evaluation. The
technical report provides detailed descriptions of the crash, EMS, emergency
department, hospital discharge and other state data files used to generate the
population-based information for the Report to Congress. It describes the
background of the CODES project, the selection of the seven states, the
formation of the CODES advisory committees within each state (crucial to a
project which depended on the cooperation of various data owners and data users)
and the concepts of probabilistic linkage. Variations and similarities among
the states are discussed regarding the availability of state data, file
preparation, linkage variables, the linkage process and resulting linkage
rates, and validation of the linkage results. It elaborates on the uniform
research model used and discusses the outcome variables, additional risk
factors used as covariates, models used in the logistic regressions, and
methods of computing weighted averages of odds ratios and effectiveness. It
compares odds ratios to risk ratios and 'effectiveness' and presents
state-specific results for the safety-belt analyses of injury and cost of
injury. Finally, the document gives digests of other state-specific analyses,
covering topics such as: data quality, additional linkages to improve the
results, data outliers (extreme values, as in inpatient charges), alcohol and
drug use, age factors, types of safety belts, and geographic patterns in crash
characteristics. 95p. This document is an accompaniment to the Report to
Congress on Benefits of Safety Belts and Motorcycle Helmets, based on data
from The Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES), December, 1995.
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