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i

Selection of pedestrian crossing treatments at controlled and uncontrolled locations.

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    • Abstract:
      Designers and traffic engineers have to make decisions on selecting a pedestrian treatment whenever designing a new pedestrian 

      facility or retrofitting  an existing one.  The  goal  is either to provide or  improve pedestrian safety  at pedestrian  crossing facilities,  including 

      controlled  locations  of signalized  intersections  and  approaches  with stop  and  yield signs,  and  uncontrolled  locations  of  intersections  and 

      midblock sites. Currently, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has limited resources on pedestrian treatment selection that does 

      not take into consideration key elements such as number of lanes and the existence of a raised median. Therefore, there is a need to find a more 

      detailed  and  comprehensive  approach to  providing  guidelines when deciding on  a pedestrian  crossing treatment.  The  approach has to be 

      practical and can be easily utilized by traffic and design engineers, planners, and other constituents. 

      Most of the State DOTs developed their guidelines on pedestrian crossing treatment based on several resources. However, the 2002 

      FHWA‐RD‐01‐075 study titled  “Safety Effects of Marked Vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations” was adopted by several states 

      either  “as is,” with some modifications, or referenced as a source on pedestrian  crosswalk selection. State DOTs mainly use standards and 

      guidelines from the National MUTCD, Part 3 and NCHRP Report 672 for roundabout crosswalk markings. In general, there are no clear warrants 

      for grade separation treatment. In addition, there is a need for a national and comprehensive study to develop practical guidelines on pedestrian 

      crossing treatments, especially on multilane roadways, complex intersections, and when the speed is 45 mph or more. 

      This study proposed guidelines on crosswalk markings and treatment selection of pedestrian crossings based on a synthesis of federal 

      and state reports,  guidelines,  design manuals,  polices,  and  other relevant  publications.  It  is recommended to  adopt these  guidelines  as  a 

      reference for pedestrian treatment selection at INDOT. 

      The results of a survey on pedestrian crossing treatments indicate that the most effective and most frequently used treatments by the 

      different states represented  in the survey  are  advanced signs,  crosswalk signs  and  pavement markings,  countdown  displays  at signalized 

      intersections,  curb  extensions,  high‐visibility signs  and markings,  and median refuge  islands.  The  least  effective  and  least frequently  used 

      treatments  are  automated  detection,  in‐roadway warning  lights,  overhead flashing  beacons (passive),  pedestrian  crossing flags,  pedestrian 

      railings, and split midblock signals. In addition, the main recommendation on high‐speed divided highway pedestrian crossings is to provide 

      enough time for pedestrian to cross the entire width of the intersection without a median whenever there is a demand. 

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