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Abstract:Granular backfill materials on highway projects are often compacted by mechanical methods.
This requires the contractor to place backfill material into loose lifts of varying thickness
and use compaction equipment to reduce air voids and increase material density until the
required compaction is achieved. Under the appropriate conditions, alternative methods to traditional
compaction are hydraulic jetting or flooding. Jetting inserts a probe into the backfill layer and emits
a high pressure jet of water, saturating the material from the bottom-up. Flooding, or compaction
by drainage, completely saturates an area and material from the top of the fill downward. Slurry
flooding involves a mixer “pouring” a slurry mix of granular backfill material and water as the fill
layer and allowing it to drain. All three hydraulic methods use residual suction upon drainage to
increase the effective stress and move grains into a more compact arrangement.
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