Assessment of copper removal from highway stormwater runoff using Apatite II(TM) and compost : laboratory and field testing.
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2015-03-01
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Abstract:-Stormwater runoff introduces heavy metals to surface waters that are harmful to aquatic organisms,
including endangered salmon. This work evaluates Apatite IIâ„¢, a biogenic fish bone based adsorbent, for removing metal
from stormwater. The metals removal by Apatite IIâ„¢ is compared to that of compost. Compost is commonly used in
stormwater BMPs.
At equilibrium and in column tests, both compost and Apatite IIâ„¢ removed copper and zinc to trace levels.. The
introduction of natural organic material (NOM) rendered both adsorbents less effective in all tests. There was indication
that dissolved copper in the effluent was fully complexed with NOM, effectively removing the bioavailable, free copper
(Cu+2). In field testing Apatite IIâ„¢ removed, copper for three of seven storms with efficiencies ranging from 16.1% to
59.8%. Compost removed copper in three of five storms sampled, with efficiencies ranging from 24.7% to 45.4%. Ion
leaching was observed for both media types. At the field level, steady state phosphate release of approximately 1.5 mg/L
was observed for Apatite II. For compost, field levels of leaching trend of nitrate and phosphate had not yet stabilized after
approximately 7,300 gallons of flow through the filter.
Due to the superior performance of compost, the steady state leaching of phosphate from Apatite IIâ„¢, and the potential for
Apatite IIâ„¢ to release copper back into solution, compost is viewed as the more promising adsorbent for stormwater
applications.
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