Details:

Creators:
Simmons, Miles F. ; Admiraal, David M.
Simmons, Miles F. ; Admiraal, David M. Less -
Corporate Creators:
University of Nebraska--Lincoln. Dept. of Civil Engineering
Corporate Contributors:
United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration
Subject/TRT Terms:
[+]
Best Practices Detention Basins Filtration Pollutants Runoff Sewage Treatment Structural Design Water Quality Management
Publication/ Report Number:
M304
Resource Type:
Tech Report
Geographical Coverage:
Nebraska
Corporate Publisher:
Nebraska. Dept. of Roads
Abstract:
Structural best management practices (BMPs) are used to capture and treat stormwater runoff. Most structural BMPs provide treatment by filtering

runoff through a filter media or collecting it in a detention basin and slowly discharging it over an extended period of time to allow suspended solids and

associated contaminants to settle out. The purpose of this study is to design an effective outlet structure that provides adequate filtration or slows

discharge to 40 hours.

A model detention basin was constructed in the Civil Engineering Hydraulics Laboratory at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and

two full scale outlet structures were tested in it. The first outlet device was an orifice controlled perforated riser. Discharge from the device was

measured at many head levels and the results correlated well with discharge given by the orifice equation. The orifice controlled perforated riser

adequately provided a 40 hour drain time and can be sized for various detention basin sizes using the orifice equation. At low heads, however, it was

observed that perforations in the riser pipe could also control flow rates, depending on the size, elevation, and number of the lowest perforations.

The second outlet structure tested was a filtered perforated riser. An 18” diameter barrel was placed around the perforated riser and filled

with coarse (D50=0.11 in) sand. Fifteen tests were run where sediment laden water was cycled through the filtered riser. The device provided good

filtration but showed significant clogging. The filter media, in series with the orifice, impacted flow rates and was modeled using an unconfined aquifer

equation. The unconfined aquifer equation was used to estimate changes in hydraulic conductivity as the filter began to clog with sediment. However,

clogging of the filter screen was also observed and was modeled as a minor loss. Estimation of the minor loss coefficient provided a better fit to the data

than the hydraulic conductivity. Therefore, it was concluded that the clogging of the filter screen was the primary driver of increases in head loss.

Additional tests with coarse filter screen confirmed this conclusion. Independent of the method used to model head losses in the filtered riser, the

filtered riser showed a dramatic initial increase in head loss after the first suspended sediment test, followed by much smaller increases in head loss

associated with subsequent tests. When designing the filtered riser these changes in head loss should be considered and the filtered riser should be sized

based on flow rates after initial clogging. Optionally, very coarse filter material and filter screens can be used to reduce the chances of clogging. If

coarse filter screens and coarse filter material are used, the filter will only be effective for removing coarse debris, but this function can still help to

prevent the orifice from becoming blocked.


Format:
PDF
Collection(s):
US Transportation Collection
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:66316fe3efbf2830a22f11f37ca4a2a4aa3fcdcd44834969b9066a8eaadb2436
Download URL:
https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/27414/dot_27414_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

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